A critical assessment of herzbergs theory of motivation. Furthermore, job satisfaction does not necessarily imply a high level of motivation or productivity. This relationship shows the overlap of higher level needs and motivators and the corresponding overlap of hygiene and lower order needs. Maslows theory is based on the hierarchy of human needs. Smerek, and marvin peterson this study reports the results of a survey of 2700 employees in business operations. Herzberg s methodology did not address this relationship, therefore this assumption needs to be correct for his findings to have practical relevance. When employees have no dissatisfaction arising from the job environment, they are in a better mode to be motivated. Herzberg s motivationhygiene theory two factor theory to better understand employee attitudes and motivation, frederick herzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
Jun 26, 20 content theories of motivation herzbergs motivation theory is one of the content theories of motivation. The second category of factors, in herzbergs two factor theory is called motivators or satisfiers. Herzberg s motivatorhygiene theory provided great stimulus to the investigators for advancing research on job satisfaction 3. Unlike maslows theory, herzbergs motivationhygiene theory claims that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction result from different causes. Motivationhygiene theory is also known as herzbergs twofactor theory or herzbergs dualfactor theory 1959. Munich personal repec archive herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction in the malaysian retail sector.
Towards understanding controversy on herzberg theory of. According to herzberg, there are some job factors that result in satisfaction while there are other job factors that prevent dissatisfaction. They claim that only studies that take reasonable steps to recreate herzbergs method can be. May, 2017 herzberg developed the twofactor theory of motivation from an outline learned in nearly 4,000 interviews when questioned what turned them on or pleased them about their work, participants spoken primarily about elements pertaining to the nature of the work itself. Frederick herzberg the hygiene motivation theory thinker 001 frederick herzberg 19232000 was a us clinical psychologist who later became professor of management at utah university. Herzbergs motivation hygiene theory applied to high school. Herzbergs twofactor theory of motivation applied to the.
Criticisms of herzbergs twofactor theory there are several criticisms of the. Accordingly, herzberg s twofactor theory posits that a good leader would give motivation to the members of staff in the organisation so that they would do their job well yusoff et al. In the last byte, we looked at herzberg s 2 factor theory. Hence, herzbergs theory evolved in 1950s, is otherwise called two factor theory of motivation. Accordingly, herzbergs twofactor theory posits that a good leader would give motivation to the members of staff in the organisation so that they would do their job well yusoff et al. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction in. Employee motivation herzbergs theory tutorialspoint. Also the paper has ascertained whether money stands as the biggest motivator in todays context or not as opposed to herzbergs theory which considers it to be a hygiene factor. Herzbergs twofactor theory is probably the most widely known and accepted. It is argued that herzbergs twofactor theory of job satisfaction may not be an artifact of the critical incident method as such, but rather of the system used to. Implications, limitations of twofactor theory of motivation.
Herzberg motivationhygiene theory essay graduateway. University, and also to examine their level of job satisfaction, using herzbergs twofactor theory. A critique of herzbergs incident classification system and a. In contrast, herzberg s theory on motivation reveals that there are a number of variables existing at the workplace that results in job satisfaction or dissatisfaction. These attempt to explain the factors that motivate individuals through identifying and satisfying their individual needs, desires and the aims pursued to satisfy these desires. He did this by interviewing over 200 professionals. Herzberg s theory can be applied by managers to motivate employees. Extensive criticism has emerged in making distinction between hygiene factors and motivators. To find out which factors as per the herzbergs theory are strongly preferred and vice versa in todays context leading to job satisfaction. These two factors that have an effect on job satisfaction are divided into two sets of categories. Herzbergs theory has, however, been criticized by many authors. Another criticism was on herzbergs classification system in which he was inconsistent in categorizing the factors. From a theoretical perspective, herzberg s motivation theory can be perceived as having similarities to maslows theory of need. These factors are hygiene factors and motivating factors.
In 1959, herzberg, mausner and snyderman dropped a bombshell on the traditional view of job satisfaction by introducing motivatorhygiene theory and challenged to the established model of job satisfaction. Proponents of the two factor theory criticize the theorys critics. Herzberg s twofactor theory of motivation applied to the motivational techniques within financial institutions abstract throughout time, many have attempted to develop detailed theories and studies of motivation, satisfaction, and selfawareness. Difference between maslow and herzbergs theory of motivation. Oct 23, 2012 herzbergs theory parallels maslows hierarchy of needs, thus making it easier to apply. His overriding interest in mental health stemmed from his belief that mental health is the core issue of our times.
The factors leading to satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not different from each other. What is the herzberg two factor theory of motivation. Sep 19, 2018 the main difference between maslow and herzberg s theory of motivation lies in the basis. However, the methodological bias that exists makes the theory questionable to some extent. Another common criticism is the fact that the theory assumes a strong correlation between job satisfaction and productivity. Twofactor theory of motivation hygiene and motivational factor. This theory of motivation is known as a two factor content. By identifying the hygiene factors, managers can fulfil the basic needs of employees and remove any element of dissatisfaction. Maslows theory is a general theory on motivation which expresses that the urge to satisfy needs is the principle variable in motivation.
The main concept of this theory is the difference between motivation factors and hygiene factors. In todays byte, we look at some of the criticisms for the theory. This american psychologist, who was very interested in peoples motivation and job satisfaction, came up with the theory. Herzberg s motivation theory model, or two factor theory, provides two factors that affect motivation in the workplace.
Baruch school of business and public administration. Dec 08, 20 in the last byte, we looked at herzberg s 2 factor theory. Herzberg s theory is appreciated on the ground that it provides an insight into the task of motivation by drawing attention to the job factors which are often overlooked. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory and job satisfaction in the. Herzbergs theory frederick herzbergs motivationhygiene theory on job satisfaction is considered to be one of the most revolutionary research in this arena. The theory was highly controversial at the time it was published, claims to be the most replicated study in this area, and provided the foundation for numerous other theories and frameworks in human resource development herzberg, 1987. Each of those theories at some point has been applied and tested as to its effects on. Frederick herzbergs theory of motivation is commonly based upon two important factors of motivation such as hygiene factors and motivation factors. This theory, also called the motivationhygiene theory or the dualfactor theory, was penned by frederick herzberg in 1959. When applied to work motivatio n, the theory can be explained as follo w.
Herzberg motivationhygiene theory essay example graduateway. We will use these terms interchangeably in this article. The purpose of the study is to develop the herzberg theory and its possible application. In fact, from a practical perspective, the influence of herzberg s motivation theory can be seen at every organizational level as well as within every department. Faculty of technology management and business, university tun hussein onn malaysia. In 1959, frederick herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a twofactor theory or the motivatorhygiene theory. The two factor theory has had a considerable amount of practical and as well as theoretical influences. Herzbergs theory parallels maslows hierarchy of needs, thus making it easier to apply. Maslows theory is based on the concept of human needs and their satisfaction while herzbergs theory is based on the use of motivators which includes achievement, recognition and opportunity for growth. Another criticism on herzbergs twofactor theory job enrichment factors along with pay and fringe benefits, is that it disregards the individual. It shows the value of job enrichment in motivation. There have also been studies that disagree with the twofactor theory for what this research found to be typically for four reasons.
A critique of herzbergs incident classification system. These are just a few of the available theories of motivation that i could have used for the basis of my research. Improving job satisfaction among nonacademic employees at a university ryan e. Meeting some of the said needs can satisfy an individual, while not being able to achieve it can leave some dissatisfied. Herzbergs motivationhygiene theory, and assert that the hygiene factors are less. Fredrick herzberg and his associates developed the motivation hygiene theory, commonly known as the two factor theory, in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Pdf this paper examines what motivates employees the most in a. Motivating factors will encourage an employee to work harder if present. Herzbergs two factor theory of motivation theory of motivation.
Read this article to learn about the herzbergs motivationhygiene theory, its factors and critical analysis. Hygiene factors will cause an employee to work less if not present. Frederick herzberg 19232000, clinical psychologist and pioneer of job enrichment, is regarded as one of the great original thinkers in management and motivational theory. The herzbergs motivationhygiene theory is given by fredrick herzberg and his associates, who studied the variables that are perceived to be desirable to achieve goals and the undesirable conditions to avoid. Herzbergs twofactor theory of job satisfaction dtic. The criticism of the theory is based on the following points. Critics of herzbergs theory argue that the twofactor result is observed because it is natural for people to take credit for satisfaction and to blame dissatisfaction on external factors. The first reason for that is the gap in the research. It is shown that herzbergs classification system confuses two levels of analysis, events what happened and agents who made it happen. Assessing job satisfaction using herzbergs twofactor theory.
There are several criticisms of the twofactor theory. Herzbergs motivation theory model goes by a number of different names, including two factor theory, herzbergs motivationhygiene theory, and duel structure theory. Motivational theories a critical analysis 67 efforttoperformance expectancy is the starting point in the implementation of the expectancy theory. He published his findings in the 1959 book the motivation to work. Herzbergs two factor theory was an easy choice as the focal point of my research. While the distinction between the motivational and hygiene factors is interesting to understanding the applicability of motivation theory directly in the design of the organization. Frederick herzberg 1923 2000 was a us clinical psychologist who later became professor of management at the university of utah. Herzbergs twofactor theory 3 herzberg published the twofactor theory of work motivation in 1959. Herzberg and his associates dropped a bombshell on the traditional view of job satisfaction by introducing motivatorhygiene theory and challenged to the established model of job satisfaction 4. Herzberg motivationhygiene theory every individual has their own basic need. However, the methodological bias that exists makes the theory questionable to. First, when herzberg separated motivational factors into two categories of hygiene and motivational factors in his study, criticism arose regarding the potential for these factors to overlap into one another.
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